The Spatial Distribution and Main Impact Factor of Gully Erosion in Typical Black Soil Region——A Case Study at Yinlonghe Farm

Farmland has been seriously destroyed and restricted machines traffic by gully erosion in the black soil regions in Northeast China. The amounts, densities, area destroyed, their distributions and their driving factors of the gullies formed in the farmland in Yinlonghe State Farm of Heilongjiang province were studied by GIS and RS technologies combined with topography data and field survey. The results showed the amounts, densities and area destroyed of gullies in farmland increased with slope steepness. The densities and area destroyed of gullies decreased when they reached 0.19 km·km^-2 and 936.5 m²·km^-2, respectively. The gullies located in the shady side were much more than those in the other side. The area of farmland increased 6 000 hm² from the year of 1985 to 2010, 3 200 hm² from grassland, and other 2 700 hm² from forest land, about 20 percent of the total area of grassland and forest land. Compared the gullies in the farmland from grassland to forestry, more gullies were found in the former.