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Volume 13, Issue 1, 2024 Publish Date:01 March 2024
Soil Ecology
Geographical distribution of soil microbial community and driving factors in corn farmland of typical black soil belt
PANG Mengxuan, LIU Hongwen, HAN Xu, ZHANG Mengting, LIU Ping, GAO Yan, ZHANG Miao, ZHANG Shixiu, LIANG Aizhen
2024, 13(1): 1-12.   doi: 10.11689/sc.2023051702
Abstract(26) HTML(8) PDF(4)
Abstract:
Understanding the geographic distribution and driving factors of soil microbial communities in the black soil belt of Northeast China is of great scientific value for the effective and sustainable management of this valuable land resource. In this paper, we collect a total of 72 plough layer soil samples in 24 corn farmlands from the typical black soil belt. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method is used to quantitatively estimate soil microbial community composition, and mechanical learning algorithms including random forest and hierarchical segmentation analysis are used to explore the relative contributions of environmental factors to the microbial geographical distribution. The results show that the biomass of total microbes and microbial groups in the corn farmland of the typical black soil belt exhibit an increased spatial distribution pattern from south to north. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (TN) are the main factors that drive the latitudinal distribution patterns of microbial biomass and the composition of microbial communities. These factors are closely related to other environmental factors, particularly soil clay content (CC), which collectively influence the composition of soil microbial communities within the black soil belt of Northeast China.
Soil ecological effects of soil fumigation and microbial agents controlling continuous melon barrier in high tunnel
JIN Weixing, LUO Baojie, GUO Huanru, CEN Tangxiao, ZHANG Haoqing, GE Tida, WU Jiangxing, FAN Xuelian
2024, 13(1): 13-26.   doi: 10.11689/sc.2023061301
Abstract(22) HTML(4) PDF(2)
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Continuous cropping obstacle is an important factor limiting the sustainable development of melon (Cucumis sativus L.) production. In order to investigate the effects of soil fumigation and microbial agents on alleviating high tunnel continuous melon obstacles and the underlying mechanisms, and select the most effective approach to control continuous melon barrier, we studied the effects of three soil fumigants (mylonon, bleach powder and Weibaimu) and three bacterial agents/microbial fertilizers (Jiyuanlian compound microbial agent, selenium mold compound fertilizer and polyglutamic acid compound microbial agent) on yield and quality of continuous melon, soil pH, EC, nutrients contents, enzyme activities and microbial community composition. The results showed that, compared with conventional fertilization, fumigation with Weibaimu decreased the number of fruits per plant, and yield by 27.7% and 30.9%, respectively; fumigation with mylonon decreased soil EC, the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium by 31.9%、67.2% and 26.6%, respectively. Soil fumigation had no significant effect on the richness of bacterial communities, whereas increased the diversity of soil fungal community and the relative abundance of unknown fungal taxa. Soil fumigation promoted the accumulation of biocontrol and growth-promoting bacteria (such as Rokubacteriales, Ktedonobacteria, Thermoleophilia, and Microbispora) in soil; however, fumigation with mylonon increased the accumulation of pathogenic fungi (such as Ciboria) in soil. On the contrary, the application of the three microbial agents/microbial fertilizers improved the yield, central and marginal sugar contents of continuous cropping melon by 35.7%, 3.5% and 8.8%, respectively. These treatments also increased the contents of soil total nitrogen , total carbon, the activities of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling-related enzymes and the relative abundance of functional microorganisms involved in soil C, N and P cycling (such as Dadabacteriales, Steroidobacter, Dongia, Arthrographis). The application of polyglutamic acid compound microbial agent is the most effective approach for improving the yield and quality, soil quality and microbial ecological functions for high tunnel continuous melon production.
Long-term effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on soybean phosphorus acquisition and soil phosphorus transformation in the rhizosphere of soybean
GUO Lili, LI Yansheng, YU Zhenhua, WANG Guanghua, LIU Xiaobing, ZHANG Jinyuan, WU Junjiang, WANG Guobing, JIN Jian
2024, 13(1): 27-38.   doi: 10.11689/sc.2023070301
Abstract(18) HTML(6) PDF(1)
Abstract:
Phosphorus (P), the second important plant nutrient, regulates crop adaptation to climate change. The organic matter content of Mollisols in different areas of Northeast China is quite different, which greatly influences crop nutrient absorption. However, few studies have investigated the long-term effects of elevated CO2 concentration on soybean growth, soil phosphorus fraction and relevant microbial mechanisms with different organic matter content of Mollisols. The study used open-top growth chambers to mainly investigate the effects of elevated CO2 on soil phosphorus fractions and relevant functional genes in Mollisols with different organic matter content. The results showed that the response of P uptake of soybean to the long-term elevated CO2 was the same change with different organic matter content, increasing first and then decreasing, while differences existed on P fractions in rhizosphere of soybean. Elevated CO2 decreased NaHCO3-Po fraction in high-SOM (H-SOM) soil, however, elevated CO2 favored the accumulation of organic fraction (NaHCO3-Po and NaOH-Po), reduced inorganic fraction (NaOH-Pi) in low-SOM (L-SOM) soil. In addition, elevated CO2 concentration increased the copy numbers of phoC by 53.0% in H-SOM, but increased the copy numbers of pstS by 44.4% in L-SOM. Therefore, under long-term climate change, soybean can meet the P demand through organic P mineralization by soil microorganisms in H-SOM, while inorganic P and relevant functional genes are affected in L-SOM.
Soil heavy metal pollution risk assessment and foliar fertilizer screening for rice in Yunnan karst landscape area
LI Zhengzhen, TAN Jing, LI Xiaolin, TU Jian, TANG Kun, GU Anyu, GUAN Junjiao, DONG Wei, DENG Wei, LYU Ying, KUI Limei
2024, 13(1): 39-51.   doi: 10.11689/sc.2023040701
Abstract(17) HTML(7) PDF(1)
Abstract:
To investigate the impact of soil heavy metal content and foliar fertilizer types on heavy metal migration in rice, as well as the quality and safety of brown rice, the study was conducted in the rice planting areas with high geological background in Luxi County, Yunnan Province. The contamination status of paddy soil in the study area was assessed using the single factor pollution index method, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, and potential ecological risk index method. Additionally, two different types of foliar fertilizers, manganese-zinc fertilizer and silicon-selenium fertilizer, were used as experimental materials. The effects of various foliar fertilizers in large-scale field application were examined by using transfer coefficients and other indicators. The results showed that the average concentrations of As, Cd, and Cr in the paddy soil exceeded the background values of soil heavy metals in Yunnan Province, and the variation coefficitents were high; Cd pollution was significantly severe. However, the overall soil pollution in the study area was classified as light. As, Pb, and Cr showed slight potential ecological hazards, while 40% of Cd exhibited medium potential ecological hazards. Nonetheless, the comprehensive potential ecological hazard index indicated a slight potential ecological hazard. Compared with control, the application of foliar fertilizers was observed that the transfer coefficient between stem and leaf-brown rice decreased, resulting in a significant reduction in heavy metal content in brown rice and stem and leaf. Importantly, no significant differences were found in yield among the different foliar fertilizer treatments. Manganese-zinc fertilizer demonstrated more significant fertilizer efficiency compared with silicon-selenium fertilizer, making it suitable for large-scale field planting.
Effects of organic material incorporation within soil layer on meadow soil pore structure and maize yield
LU Xinchun, HAN Xiaozeng, QIU Chen, CHEN Xu, YAN Jun, ZHANG Naiwen, ZHANG Zhiming, GAN Jiawei, ZOU Wenxiu, LIU Honggang
2024, 13(1): 52-65.   doi: 10.11689/sc.2022102401
Abstract(14) HTML(7) PDF(0)
Abstract:
In order to investigate the effects of organic materials returning on the pore structure of meadow soil and maize yield, a field experiment was conducted in 2019 in Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province. In this study, four treatments including straw incorporation within 0 - 15 cm soil depth (CT) and 0 - 35 cm soil depth (STS), straw and organic manure incorporation within 0 - 35 cm soil depth (STSM) and conventional practice without organic material incorporation (CK) were selected for experimentation. Sampling and analysis were carried out after the maize harvest in 2019 to determine the soil physical properties and pore structure at the soil layer of 0 - 35 cm. The structural equation model, Mantel test, and random forest method were used to analyze the regulatory pathways of soil pore structure to maize yield. The results showed that compared with the CK treatment, the soil bulk density at the 0 - 15 cm soil layer with CT, STS and STSM treatments significantly decreased by 5.2% - 7.8% (P<0.05); whereas the field water holding capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity significantly increased by 7.8% - 16.6% and 77.5% - 325% (P<0.05), respectively. The STS and STSM treatments significantly improved the above three soil physical properties at the >15 - 35 cm soil layer. The CT scanning results showed that the return of organic matter significantly improved the soil pore distribution and structure in the corresponding soil layer. Compared with the CK treatment, the CT, STS and STSM treatments significantly increased the number of >1 000 μm pores and porosity at the 0 - 15 cm soil layer; compared with the CT treatment, the STS and STSM treatments significantly increased the number of>1000 μm pores and porosity at the >15 - 35 cm soil layer by 1.2 to 1.3-fold and by 47.5% to 58.9%, respectively (P<0.05). Returning organic materials to the field increased the complexity and connectivity of soil pores. Compared with the CK treatment, the CT, STS and STSM treatments significantly increased the anisotropy and fractal dimension and decreased the Euler number at the 0 - 15 cm soil layer (P<0.05); the STS and STSM treatments significantly improved the soil pore structure at the 15 - 35 cm soil layer. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the soil pore structure at the 0 - 15 cm soil layer may directly affect maize yield or indirectly affect maize yield by influencing the bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity, while the soil pore structure at the 15 - 35 cm soil layer may only indirectly affect corn yield by influencing the water holding capacity of the field. Soil physical properties and pore structure explained 81.9% of maize yield, and the 15 - 35 cm soil layer contributed more to maize yield than the 0 - 15 cm layer. The deep mixing of organic materials returning exhibits a potential to improve maize yield by improving the physical properties and pore distribution of meadow soil at the 0 - 35 cm soil layer, increasing the complexity and connectivity of pore structure, and optimizing the structure of the tillage layer. The effect of the combined application of straw and organic matter is better than that of straw return alone. It is suggested that in the meadow soil region, deep mixing of straw and organic fertilizers returning would build up good soil fertility and effectively increase the maize yield.
Special Column for Soil Acidification Treatment
Short-term effects of rice husk biochar application rate on acid control and passivation of soil cadmium activity in paddy fields
LI Zijing, LUO Junyuan, LYU Weisheng, HAN Depeng, HUANG Tianbao, WANG Xinyue, LIN Xiaobing, ZHANG Qiumei, LIU Chunxiang, XIONG Wen
2024, 13(1): 66-73.   doi: 10.11689/sc.2023070601
Abstract(28) HTML(11) PDF(2)
Abstract:
In order to explore the short-term effects of different rates of rice husk biochar application on acid control and passivation of soil heavy metal cadmium activity in paddy fields, six application rates were set up in this experiment. The changes of soil pH, rice yield, soil available cadmium, cadmium content in stems and panicles of rice plants and soil fertility were analyzed and determined. The results showed that compared with CK, the application of biochar effectively increased soil pH by 0.15 - 1.04 units. When the application rate of biochar was 80 t·hm–2, the effect of increasing soil pH was more significant. The application of biochar effectively improved the overall soil fertility. Soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium increased significantly when biochar was applied more than 40 t·hm–2, with an increase of 8.62% - 14.2%, 19.6% - 28.3% and 11.9% - 21.5%, respectively. Available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter increased significantly when the application rate of biochar ≥20 t·hm–2, with an increase of 34.6% - 115%, 70.9% - 394% and 29.3% - 118%, respectively. When the application rate of biochar exceeded 20 t·hm–2, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased significantly by 11.4% - 22.1%. The biochar application effectively reduced the available cadmium in soil and the cadmium content in stems and panicles of rice plants when the application rate ≥20 t·hm–2, with the reduction of 24.0% - 37.1%, 24.1% - 82.9% and 28.0% -78.3%, respectively. The cadmium content in rice leaves decreased significantly when biochar application rate exceeded 40 t·hm–2, with a decrease of 22.1% - 35.7%. The biochar application increased the yield of rice. When the application rate was 20 - 40 t·hm–2, the yield was significantly increased by 12.4% and 9.42%, respectively. In the short-term, rice husk biochar of 20 t·hm–2 is with the potential to regulate soil acidity, passivate heavy metal cadmium activity and increase rice yield.
Mechanism of biochar conditioning acidified soil
HUANG Baoyuan, DENG Lansheng, DENG Lifang, JIANG Huabin, XIE Jun, CHEN Yong
2024, 13(1): 74-84.   doi: 10.11689/sc.2022101701
Abstract(17) HTML(7) PDF(1)
Abstract:
Biochar is a solid, stable and highly aromatic carbon-rich substance produced by pyrolysis of organic substances under anaerobic or anoxic conditions, which exhibits high carbon content, stable chemical properties, large specific surface area and abundant pore structure. Due to its abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, organic anions and inorganic alkali, biochar is commonly used as a soil amendment. This paper briefly described the causes of soil acidification and its related effects, and introduced the types, characteristics and components of biochar. The effects of biochar application in acidizing soil conditioning in recent years were highlighted particularly in increasing soil pH, alleviating Al toxicity, enhancing soil microbial activity and changing the amount of chemical fertilizer. The mechanism involved was discussed. The unsolved problems of biochar in acidifying soil conditioning was finally prospected so as to provide reference for the theory and practice of biochar application in acidified soil.
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Founded in 2012, Quarterly

Editor-in-chief:Zhang Fusuo

Executive Chief Editor:Liu Xiaobing

Competent Authority:Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS

Sponsored by:Center for Agricultural Research, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS

CN:23-1580/S

ISSN: 2095-2961

Post Number:14-151

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