Rice is an important crop, developing excellent rice germplasm is an important method of cultivating rice varieties.Mutagenic breeding can quickly reform rice varieties and improve rice breeding efficiency.As a new mutagenesis technique, ion beam has the advantages of high linear energy transfer, good relative biological effect and high mutagenesis frequency, which can directly act on rice genetic substances, and have an impact on different traits of rice.This paper mainly focuses on the molecular biology characteristics of mutagenetic rice with high energy heavy ion beams, the type of mutagenic heavy ion beams, the selection of radiation doses and receptor materials, the functional analysis of important trait genes, and the varieties of rice produced by mutagenesis of high energy heavy ion beam, mainly introduces the advantages of high energy heavy ion beam mutation and summarizes the different rice varieties produced by that from many aspects, and put forward the shortcomings and future prospects of high-energy heavy ion beams, which provided a new idea and method for the application of this technique in the future rice breeding.