有机无机配施对南方稻油模式土壤化学性质和水稻增产增效的影响

Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer integration on soil chemical properties and rice yield/benefits in southern rice-rapeseed system

    摘要
  • 摘要: 为了探究油菜－水稻轮作模式下石灰、绿肥、秸秆和有机肥联合施用对土壤酸化阻控和水稻增产增效的影响，采用大田试验，设置常规施肥+石灰（L）、常规施肥+绿肥（G）、常规施肥+有机肥（M）、常规施肥+秸秆（S）、常规施肥+石灰+绿肥+有机肥+秸秆（L+G+M+S），并以常规施肥（CK）作为对照，于2021—2023年连续分析土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾、全镉、水稻产量和收益变化等指标的变化，进而探讨各指标之间的相关关系。结果表明：与CK相比，L、G、M、L+G+M+S改良措施均提升了土壤pH值，但只有L+G+M+S处理差异达到显著水平，平均提升0.44个pH单位；L、G、M、S、L+G+M+S处理的土壤有机质含量均有所提高，但只有G、M和L+G+M+S处理显著提高了9.19%、11.4%和10.0%；L、G、L+G+M+S处理后的土壤全氮含量分别提高了11.2%、12.4%、7.69%；L、G、M、L+G+M+S处理后的土壤有效磷含量均有提高，但只有M处理显著提高了11.5%；G、M、S、L+G+M+S处理后的土壤缓效钾含量均有提高，只有G、M和S处理显著提高了10.7%、6.05%和9.51%；L+G+M+S处理后的土壤Cd含量平均下降0.02 mg·kg−1。综合改良措施（L+G+M+S）能够有效改善酸化土壤的化学性质，对水稻产量和纯收益提升效果最好，其中，产量提高了18.2%，收益增加了1 776元·hm−2。

     

    Abstract: To investigate the effects of combined applications of lime, green manure, straw, and organic fertilizer on mitigating soil acidification and enhancing rice yield and economic benefits under a rapeseed–rice rotation system, a three-year field experiment was conducted. The experimental treatments included conventional fertilization with lime (L), green manure (G), organic fertilizer (M), straw (S), and a combination of lime, green manure, organic fertilizer, and straw (L+G+M+S), with conventional fertilization alone serving as the control (CK). From 2021 to 2023, changes in soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, slow-release potassium, total cadmium content, rice yield, and economic returns were systematically monitored and analyzed, and the correlations among these parameters were further examined. Results indicated that all improvement measures (L, G, M, and L+G+M+S) increased soil pH compared to CK. However, only the L+G+M+S treatment showed a statistically significant increase, with an average rise of 0.44 pH units. Soil organic matter increased under all treatments, but significant improvements were observed only in the G, M, and L+G+M+S treatments, which increased by 9.19%, 11.4%, and 10.0%, respectively. Total nitrogen content increased under L, G, and L+G+M+S treatments by 11.2%, 12.4%, and 7.69%, respectively. Available phosphorus also increased across L, G, M, and L+G+M+S treatments, with only the M treatment showing a significant increase of 11.5% compared to CK. Soil slow-release potassium increased under G, M, S, and L+G+M+S treatments, with significant increases observed in G, M, and S treatments, rising by 10.7%, 6.05%, and 9.51% respectively. The L+G+M+S treatment also reduced soil cadmium content, with an average decrease of 0.02 mg·kg−1. Among all treatments, the comprehensive improvement measure (L+G+M+S) effectively enhances the chemical properties of acidified soils, and demonstrates the most pronounced effects on increasing rice yield and net income, with a yield increase of 18.2% and an income rise of 1 776 yuan·hm−2.

     

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