功能炭基有机肥配施微生物菌剂改善烤烟产质量及相关因素分析

Flue-cured tobacco yield and quality improvement and relevant factors by functional carbon-based organic fertilizer combined with microbial agent

  • 摘要: 为探究不同功能炭基有机肥配施微生物菌剂对烟叶产量及品质的影响,实现功能化炭基有机肥和微生物菌剂合理施用,通过大田试验,设置常规施肥(CK,商品有机肥)、生物炭基肥(T1)、水热炭基肥(T2)、生物炭基肥+微生物菌剂(T3)和水热炭基肥+微生物菌剂(T4)5个处理,研究了不同处理对烤烟生长发育、产质量、化学成分、感官评吸质量以及植烟土壤理化性质的影响。与常规商品有机肥(CK)比较,两种炭基肥配施微生物菌剂(T3、T4)均能有效地增大烟叶的叶面积,降低气候型斑点病和烟草花叶病发病率,并增加总糖和还原糖含量,提高氮碱比和糖碱比,但降低烟碱含量,且总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮、钾含量符合优质烟叶评价标准。与CK相比,两种炭基肥处理(T1、T2)及炭基肥配施微生物菌剂处理(T3、T4)均能显著提高植烟土壤中的有机质和碱解氮含量,其增幅分别为28.0% ~ 36.0%和158% ~ 271%,T2、T3和T4处理速效钾含量显著提高4.36% ~ 37.7%。此外,T3和T4处理能够有效降低土壤容重。pH与产值呈显著的正相关关系,土壤交换性镁含量与产量呈极显著的正相关关系。炭基肥配施微生物菌剂可以改良植烟土壤,提高速效养分含量,协调烟叶化学成分及比例,有利于生产优质烟叶,提高烤烟经济效益。其中,以生物炭配施微生物菌剂的综合效果最优。

     

    Abstract: To explore the effects of different functional carbon-based organic fertilizers combined with microbial agents on tobacco leaf yield and quality, so as to achieve the rational application of functional carbon-based organic fertilizers and microbial agents, a field experiment was conducted. Five treatments were implemented: commercial organic fertilizer (CK), biochar-based fertilizer (T1), hydrothermal carbon-based fertilizer (T2), biochar-based fertilizer + microbial agent (T3), and hydrothermal carbon-based fertilizer + microbial agent (T4). The changes in the growth and development, yield, quality, chemical composition, and sensory evaluation quality of flue-cured tobacco, as well as physical and chemical properties of the tobacco-growing soil under different treatments were analyzed. Compared with conventional organic fertilizer, both carbon-based fertilizers combined with microbial agents (T3, T4) can effectively increase the area of tobacco leaves, and reduce the incidence of climatic spot disease and tobacco mosaic disease. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar, nitrogen-base ratio and sugar-base ratio are increased while the nicotine content is reduced by T3 and T4 treatments. In addition, the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen and potassium meet the evaluation standards of high-quality tobacco leaves. Compared with CK, both carbon-based fertilizer alone treatments (T1, T2) and carbon-based fertilizer combined with microbial agent treatments (T3, T4) could significantly increase the contents of organic matter by 28.0% - 36.0% and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen by 158% - 271% in tobacco-growing soil. The T2, T3 and T4 treatments increase the content of available potassium significantly by 4.36% to 37.7%, while T3 and T4 treatments can effectively reduce soil bulk density. Soil pH is positively correlated with output value, while yield is positively correlated with content of exchangeable magnesium in soil. The application of carbon-based fertilizers combined with microbial agents can improve the soil for tobacco cultivation, increase the content of available nutrients, coordinate the chemical composition and proportion of tobacco leaves, thus facilitating the production of high-quality tobacco leaves, and enhancing the economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco. The application of biochar combined with microbial agents exhibits the best comprehensive effect.

     

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