吉林省黑土区不同类型土壤pH值及其与养分的关系

Soil pH and its relationship with nutrient status from different soil types in black soil region of Jilin Province

    摘要
  • 摘要: pH和养分是土壤质量和健康的重要指标，明确不同类型土壤pH和养分特征可为保护土壤资源提供科学依据。以吉林省黑土区五种主要类型土壤-白浆土、典型黑土和黑钙土（均腐土）、草甸土和水稻土为研究对象，研究pH值及其与土壤有机质（SOM）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）的关系与影响因素。结果表明：吉林省黑土区土壤pH值在5.31 ~ 8.30之间，微酸等级占47.3%，中性等级占35.2%，草甸土pH比其他类型土壤高7.10% ~ 16.7%。SOM含量在10.9 ~ 61.0 g·kg−1之间，适量等级占47.2%，较丰富等级占46.2%，典型黑土SOM含量均值比其他土壤高5.90% ~ 36.4%。五种土壤的TN和TP含量差异不显著。回归分析表明，黑钙土和草甸土的pH值与TN、TP的拟合度较高（P<0.05），其含量均随着pH值的升高而增加。Pearson相关性分析表明，土壤pH与TN含量呈显著正相关关系，SOM与TN、TP呈显著正相关关系；土壤pH值与降雨量、施肥量呈极显著负相关关系（P<0.01），与SOM含量无显著相关关系；TN与降雨量呈极显著负相关关系（P<0.01）。吉林省黑土区pH值多处于微酸和中性等级，降雨和施肥量增加促进土壤酸化。在实际土地利用过程中，需合理调控白浆土、水稻土和黑钙土土壤水分与施肥制度，以遏制土壤酸化与养分流失。

     

    Abstract: Soil pH and nutrients are important indicators of soil quality and health, while clarifying pH and nutrient characteristics of different types of soils can provide a scientific basis for protecting soil resources. The five main types of soils in the black soil zone of Jilin Province-albic leached soils, typical Mollisols and Chernozem (all Isohumosols), meadow soils, and paddy soils-were chosen to study the relationships of pH with soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), and their influencing factors. The results show that: soil pH in the black soil area of Jilin Province ranges from 5.31 to 8.30, with 47.3% of the slightly acidic grade and 35.2% of the neutral grade, and the mean value of meadow soil pH is 7.10% to 16.7% higher than that of other types of soils. SOM content ranges from 10.9 to 61.0 g·kg−1, with 47.3% of the moderate grade and 46.2% of the richer grade, and the mean value of the typical black soil SOM content mean value is 5.90% - 36.4% higher than other soils. No significant differences of TN and TP contents are found among the five soils. Binary regression analysis shows that the pH of black calcareous soil and meadow soil fit with TN and TP highly (P<0.05), and the TN and TP contents both increase with the increase of pH. Pearson correlation analysis shows that the soil pH and the TN content are positively correlated, while SOM is positively correlated with TN and TP, soil pH is negatively correlated with rainfall amount and fertilizer application rate (P<0.01) but not significantly correlated with SOM content, TN is negatively correlated with rainfall amount (P<0.01). The pH value of the black soil area in Jilin Province is mostly in the slightly acidic and neutral class, and the increase of rainfall and fertilizer application promote soil acidification. Scientific regulation of soil water and fertilizer application system for albic leached soils, Chernozems and paddy soils are required to curb soil acidification and nutrient loss in actual production practices.

     

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