Abstract: In this study, the contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the soil and leaves of Camellia oleifera plantations of different ages (10a, 20a, 40a) in southern Jiangxi Province were determined, the ecological stoichiometry of soil-leaves of Camellia oleifera was analyzed, and the relationship between C, N and P contents of soil and leaves and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of Camellia oleifera was explored. The results show that: (1) Stand age has a significant effect on C, N contents in both soil and leaves, and the contents increase with the increase of forest age. However, stand age has no significant effect on P content of soil and leaves, and the P content increases initially and then decreases with increasing stand age. The content of C, N and P in soil is 11.2 - 13.5 g·kg⁻¹, 0.93 - 1.63 g·kg⁻¹ and 0.33 - 0.4 g·kg⁻¹, respectively, and the content of C, N and P in leaves is 454 - 503 g·kg⁻¹, 11.6 - 13.1 g·kg⁻¹ and 1.77 - 2.19 g·kg⁻¹, respectively. (2) Stand age exhibits a significant effect on soil C∶P and N∶P, in the order of 40 a > 10 a > 20 a for soil C∶P and 10 a > 20 a > 40 a for N∶P. Leaf N∶P decreases first and then increases with stand age, and the ratio is between 5.98 - 6.89. (3) There is a close correlation between soil C, N and P contents, ecological stoichiometric ratios and leaf C and N contents; and soil C content is positively correlated with leaf C and N contents. N is the main limiting factor for the growth of Camellia oleifera plantations.