超稳矿化材料(LDHs)对镉污染红壤性水稻土的修复效果

Remediation effect of super-stable mineralized materials (LDHs) application on Cd contaminated red paddy soil

  • 摘要: 耕地土壤重金属污染已成为制约绿色农业健康发展的突出短板之一。超稳矿化材料(LDHs)是一种新型的层状复合金属氢氧化物,因其具有分层结构、高比表面积和可交换的层间阴离子而在土壤修复领域表现出高效、稳定的特点。探究LDHs对土壤-作物系统重金属Cd的影响,可以为Cd污染耕地安全利用提供科学依据。以Cd污染红壤性水稻土为研究对象,采用室内苋菜盆栽实验方法,设置了0、2 g·kg−1 、5 g·kg−1 、10 g·kg−1 和20 g·kg−1 5个不同LDHs用量处理,研究了LDHs用量对土壤pH、土壤有效态Cd含量及苋菜中Cd含量的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,施用LDHs后pH值显著提高0.85 ~ 3.54个单位(P<0.05),且随施用量的增加而增大;土壤有效态Cd含量随施用量的增加显著降低了58.5% ~ 99.6%(P<0.05)。当施用量为2 g·kg−1时,苋菜地上部分Cd含量与CK差异不显著;施用量≥5 g·kg−1时,苋菜地上部分Cd含量随施用量增加而降低,降幅为52.5% ~ 87.8%(P<0.05);苋菜地下部分Cd含量随施用量的增加而呈下降趋势,且较CK显著降低45.3% ~ 85.5%(P<0.05)。苋菜富集系数与上述变化规律一致。土壤pH与土壤有效态Cd含量、BCFshoot-soilBCFroot-soil均呈显著负相关关系;土壤有效态Cd含量与BCFroot-soil呈极显著正相关关系,与BCFshoot-soil呈正相关关系。LDHs能显著提高土壤pH,降低土壤Cd活性,从而减少Cd在植物体内的转运和富集,对Cd在土壤-作物系统中具有良好的阻控作用,可有效应用于Cd污染农田的钝化修复。结合生产成本与修复效果综合考虑,LDHs施用量以10 g·kg−1为宜。

     

    Abstract: The heavy metal pollution in cultivated soil has become one of the outstanding shortcomings that restrict the healthy development of green agriculture. Super-stable mineralized materials (LDHs) is a new layered composite metal hydroxide, which has high efficiency and stability in the field of soil remediation because of its hierarchically layered structure, high particular surface area, and exchangeable interlayer anions. Exploring the effects of LDHs on heavy metal Cd in soils-crop systems can provide scientific basis for the safe utilization of Cd contaminated farmland. Taking Cd-contaminated red paddy soil as the research object, using the indoor amaranth pot experiment method, five different dosage of LDHs (0, 2 g·kg−1, 5 g·kg−1, 10 g·kg−1 and 20 g·kg−1) were set to study the effects of LDHs on soil pH, available Cd content in soil and Cd content in amaranth. The results showed that: compared with CK, the soil pH value is significantly increased by 0.85 ~ 3.54 (P<0.05) after LDHs application, and increases with the increase of application rate. The content of available Cd is significantly decreased by 58.5% ~ 99.6% (P<0.05), and decreases with the increase of application rate. When the application rate is 2 g·kg−1, there is no significant difference between the Cd content in aboveground part of amaranth and CK. When the application rate is ≥5 g·kg−1, the Cd content in aboveground part of amaranth decreases with the increase of the application rate, by 52.5% to 87.8% (P<0.05). The content of Cd in underground parts of Amaranth is significantly lower than that of CK, decreases by 45.3% to 85.5% (P<0.05), and exhibits a decreasing trend with the increase of application rate. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of amaranth is consistent with the above change rules. There is a significant negative correlation between soil pH and soil available Cd content, BCFshoot-soil and BCFroot-soil; while soil available Cd content is positively correlated with BCFroot-soil and BCFshoot-soil. LDHs could significantly increase soil pH value and reduce soil Cd activity, thus reducing the migration and enrichment of Cd in plants, and having a good control effect on Cd in soil-crop system, which could be effectively applied to the passivation and remediation of Cd-contaminated farmland. Combined with the production cost and remediation effect, the appropriate application rate is 10 g·kg−1.

     

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